Scientists at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider have observed particles emerging directly from empty ...

Fragmentation functions are fundamental components in quantum chromodynamics (QCD), encapsulating the probability that a high-energy quark or gluon produces a specific hadron during the hadronisation ...

Colliding gold nuclei at various energies enables scientists to investigate phases of nuclear matter and their possible co-existence at a critical point. Scientists are aiming to establish if a ...

Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics (Lattice QCD) provides a non-perturbative framework for investigating the strong interactions that bind quarks and gluons. By discretising space-time into a finite ...

Quarks and antiquarks are the teeny, tiny building blocks with which all matter is built, binding together to form protons and neutrons in a process explained by quantum chromodynamics (QCD).

The annual Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting brings a wealth of scientific minds to the shores of Germany’s Lake Constance. Every summer at Lindau, dozens of Nobel Prize winners exchange ideas with ...

Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is universally accepted today as the theory of strong interactions. Nevertheless, many conceptual questions, like those concerning the properties of the quark gluon plasma ...

In a new article, scientists present an analysis of a series of experiments and shed light on the nature of the phase transition after the Big Bang about 13.7 billion years ago. The building blocks of ...

Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is the theory that describes the interactions governed by the strong nuclear force. Where electromagnetism is mediated by the photon and the weak force by the W and Z ...