Polarized proton containing spinning quarks and gluons (represented by right-handed and left-handed spirals). The negative Δg solutions (blue) are disfavored relative to the positive Δg solutions (red ...

Physicists predicted the existence of the Higgs boson decades before its discovery in 2012 because of symmetries in the building blocks of our universe. Similarly, rules about a special type of ...

By tracing the origins of an unusual, short-lived particle, researchers have gathered some of the strongest evidence yet that ...

Created as an analogy for Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) — which describes the interactions due to the electromagnetic force carried by photons — Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is the theory of physics ...